{
    "name": "Janka hardness of wood flooring species",
    "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness",
    "unit": "lbf, side hardness at 12 percent moisture unless moisture_pct says otherwise",
    "benchmark": {
        "slug": "red-oak",
        "janka_lbf": 1290
    },
    "sources": [
        {
            "key": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "title": "Wood handbook, wood as an engineering material. Chapter 5, Mechanical properties of wood, Table 5-3b",
            "publisher": "USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory",
            "year": 2021,
            "url": "https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/62244"
        },
        {
            "key": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "title": "Wood handbook, wood as an engineering material. Chapter 5, Mechanical properties of wood, Table 5-5b",
            "publisher": "USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory",
            "year": 2021,
            "url": "https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/62244"
        },
        {
            "key": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "title": "Wood species used in wood flooring, Technical Publication No. A200, revised edition. Relative hardness chart, page 7",
            "publisher": "National Wood Flooring Association",
            "year": 2004,
            "url": null
        }
    ],
    "species": [
        {
            "slug": "red-alder",
            "name": "Red alder",
            "botanical": "Alnus rubra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 590,
            "janka_kn": 2.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "54 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.41,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "black-ash",
            "name": "Black ash",
            "botanical": "Fraxinus nigra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 850,
            "janka_kn": 3.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "34 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.49,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "green-ash",
            "name": "Green ash",
            "botanical": "Fraxinus pennsylvanica",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1200,
            "janka_kn": 5.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "7 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.56,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "oregon-ash",
            "name": "Oregon ash",
            "botanical": "Fraxinus latifolia",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1160,
            "janka_kn": 5.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "10 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.55,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "ash",
            "name": "White ash",
            "botanical": "Fraxinus americana",
            "other_names": "Ash",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1320,
            "janka_kn": 5.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "2 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.6,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Just harder than red oak, with a bold, straight grain and a pale color.",
            "carried_colors": 78,
            "carried_styles": 17,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/ash"
        },
        {
            "slug": "quaking-aspen",
            "name": "Quaking aspen",
            "botanical": "Populus tremuloides",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 350,
            "janka_kn": 1.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "73 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.38,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "basswood",
            "name": "American basswood",
            "botanical": "Tilia americana",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 410,
            "janka_kn": 1.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "68 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.37,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "beech",
            "name": "American beech",
            "botanical": "Fagus grandifolia",
            "other_names": "Beech",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1300,
            "janka_kn": 5.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "about as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.64,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "About as hard as red oak, with a fine, even grain and a warm pinkish tan color.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/beech"
        },
        {
            "slug": "paper-birch",
            "name": "Paper birch",
            "botanical": "Betula papyrifera",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 910,
            "janka_kn": 4,
            "vs_red_oak": "29 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.55,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "sweet-birch",
            "name": "Sweet birch",
            "botanical": "Betula lenta",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1470,
            "janka_kn": 6.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "14 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.65,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "birch",
            "name": "Yellow birch",
            "botanical": "Betula alleghaniensis",
            "other_names": "Birch",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1260,
            "janka_kn": 5.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "2 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.62,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Just softer than red oak, with a fine grain and a warm, satiny color. Most birch floors are yellow birch.",
            "carried_colors": 65,
            "carried_styles": 13,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/birch"
        },
        {
            "slug": "butternut",
            "name": "Butternut",
            "botanical": "Juglans cinerea",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 490,
            "janka_kn": 2.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "62 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.38,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "cherry",
            "name": "Black cherry",
            "botanical": "Prunus serotina",
            "other_names": "Cherry, American cherry",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 950,
            "janka_kn": 4.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "26 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.5,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "About 26 percent softer than red oak. Cherry darkens with light, most noticeably in its first months.",
            "carried_colors": 1,
            "carried_styles": 1,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/cherry"
        },
        {
            "slug": "american-chestnut",
            "name": "American chestnut",
            "botanical": "Castanea dentata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 540,
            "janka_kn": 2.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "58 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.43,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "black-cottonwood",
            "name": "Black cottonwood",
            "botanical": "Populus trichocarpa",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 350,
            "janka_kn": 1.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "73 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.35,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "eastern-cottonwood",
            "name": "Eastern cottonwood",
            "botanical": "Populus deltoides",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 430,
            "janka_kn": 1.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "67 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.4,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "american-elm",
            "name": "American elm",
            "botanical": "Ulmus americana",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 830,
            "janka_kn": 3.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "36 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.5,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "rock-elm",
            "name": "Rock elm",
            "botanical": "Ulmus thomasii",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1320,
            "janka_kn": 5.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "2 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.63,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "slippery-elm",
            "name": "Slippery elm",
            "botanical": "Ulmus rubra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 860,
            "janka_kn": 3.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "33 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.53,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "hackberry",
            "name": "Hackberry",
            "botanical": "Celtis occidentalis",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 880,
            "janka_kn": 3.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "32 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.53,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "pecan",
            "name": "Pecan",
            "botanical": "Carya illinoinensis",
            "other_names": "Pecan hickory",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1820,
            "janka_kn": 8.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "41 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.66,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "hickory",
            "note": "A hickory. The Wood Handbook measures pecan at 1,820, the same figure the trade quotes for hickory floors.",
            "carried_colors": 11,
            "carried_styles": 1,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/pecan"
        },
        {
            "slug": "mockernut-hickory",
            "name": "Mockernut hickory",
            "botanical": "Carya tomentosa",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1970,
            "janka_kn": 8.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "53 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.72,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "hickory"
        },
        {
            "slug": "pignut-hickory",
            "name": "Pignut hickory",
            "botanical": "Carya glabra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 2140,
            "janka_kn": 9.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "66 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.75,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "hickory"
        },
        {
            "slug": "shagbark-hickory",
            "name": "Shagbark hickory",
            "botanical": "Carya ovata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1880,
            "janka_kn": 8.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "46 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.72,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "hickory"
        },
        {
            "slug": "shellbark-hickory",
            "name": "Shellbark hickory",
            "botanical": "Carya laciniosa",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1810,
            "janka_kn": 8.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "40 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.69,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "hickory"
        },
        {
            "slug": "honeylocust",
            "name": "Honeylocust",
            "botanical": "Gleditsia triacanthos",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1580,
            "janka_kn": 7,
            "vs_red_oak": "22 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "black-locust",
            "name": "Black locust",
            "botanical": "Robinia pseudoacacia",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1700,
            "janka_kn": 7.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "32 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.69,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "cucumbertree",
            "name": "Cucumbertree",
            "botanical": "Magnolia acuminata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 700,
            "janka_kn": 3.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "46 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.48,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "southern-magnolia",
            "name": "Southern magnolia",
            "botanical": "Magnolia grandiflora",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1020,
            "janka_kn": 4.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "21 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.5,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "bigleaf-maple",
            "name": "Bigleaf maple",
            "botanical": "Acer macrophyllum",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 850,
            "janka_kn": 3.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "34 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.48,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "black-maple",
            "name": "Black maple",
            "botanical": "Acer nigrum",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1180,
            "janka_kn": 5.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "9 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.57,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "red-maple",
            "name": "Red maple",
            "botanical": "Acer rubrum",
            "other_names": "Soft maple",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 950,
            "janka_kn": 4.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "26 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.54,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "A soft maple. It looks much like hard maple and is about a third softer.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/red-maple"
        },
        {
            "slug": "silver-maple",
            "name": "Silver maple",
            "botanical": "Acer saccharinum",
            "other_names": "Soft maple",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 700,
            "janka_kn": 3.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "46 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.47,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "A soft maple, about half as hard as hard maple in the Wood Handbook tests.",
            "carried_colors": 36,
            "carried_styles": 10,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/silver-maple"
        },
        {
            "slug": "hard-maple",
            "name": "Hard maple",
            "botanical": "Acer saccharum",
            "other_names": "Sugar maple, rock maple, maple",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1450,
            "janka_kn": 6.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "12 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.63,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "About 12 percent harder than red oak, pale and close grained, the wood of basketball courts. Its tight grain can take stain unevenly, so it is often left natural or lightly toned.",
            "carried_colors": 262,
            "carried_styles": 49,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/hard-maple"
        },
        {
            "slug": "black-oak",
            "name": "Black oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus velutina",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1210,
            "janka_kn": 5.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "6 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.61,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "cherrybark-oak",
            "name": "Cherrybark oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus pagoda",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1480,
            "janka_kn": 6.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "15 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.68,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "laurel-oak",
            "name": "Laurel oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus laurifolia",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1210,
            "janka_kn": 5.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "6 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.63,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "red-oak",
            "name": "Northern red oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus rubra",
            "other_names": "Red oak",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1290,
            "janka_kn": 5.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "the benchmark",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.63,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "The benchmark the flooring trade measures every other species against. Open grain that takes stain evenly and hides everyday wear well.",
            "carried_colors": 449,
            "carried_styles": 61,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/red-oak"
        },
        {
            "slug": "pin-oak",
            "name": "Pin oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus palustris",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1510,
            "janka_kn": 6.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "17 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.63,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "scarlet-oak",
            "name": "Scarlet oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus coccinea",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1400,
            "janka_kn": 6.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "9 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.67,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "southern-red-oak",
            "name": "Southern red oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus falcata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1060,
            "janka_kn": 4.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "18 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.59,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Red oak from the South, about 18 percent softer than northern red oak. A floor sold as red oak does not always say which.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/southern-red-oak"
        },
        {
            "slug": "water-oak",
            "name": "Water oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus nigra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1190,
            "janka_kn": 5.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "8 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.63,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "willow-oak",
            "name": "Willow oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus phellos",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1460,
            "janka_kn": 6.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "13 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.69,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "bur-oak",
            "name": "Bur oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus macrocarpa",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1370,
            "janka_kn": 6.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "6 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.64,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "chestnut-oak",
            "name": "Chestnut oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus montana",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1130,
            "janka_kn": 5,
            "vs_red_oak": "12 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.66,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "overcup-oak",
            "name": "Overcup oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus lyrata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1190,
            "janka_kn": 5.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "8 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.63,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "post-oak",
            "name": "Post oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus stellata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1360,
            "janka_kn": 6,
            "vs_red_oak": "5 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.67,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "swamp-chestnut-oak",
            "name": "Swamp chestnut oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus michauxii",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1240,
            "janka_kn": 5.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "4 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.67,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "swamp-white-oak",
            "name": "Swamp white oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus bicolor",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1620,
            "janka_kn": 7.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "26 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.72,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "white-oak",
            "name": "White oak",
            "botanical": "Quercus alba",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1360,
            "janka_kn": 6,
            "vs_red_oak": "5 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.68,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "About 5 percent harder than red oak, with a tighter grain and a browner, cooler tone. Its pores are plugged inside, which is why white oak made barrels and boats.",
            "carried_colors": 501,
            "carried_styles": 89,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/white-oak"
        },
        {
            "slug": "sweetgum",
            "name": "Sweetgum",
            "botanical": "Liquidambar styraciflua",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 850,
            "janka_kn": 3.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "34 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.52,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "american-sycamore",
            "name": "American sycamore",
            "botanical": "Platanus occidentalis",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 770,
            "janka_kn": 3.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "40 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.49,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "black-tupelo",
            "name": "Black tupelo",
            "botanical": "Nyssa sylvatica",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 810,
            "janka_kn": 3.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "37 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.5,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "water-tupelo",
            "name": "Water tupelo",
            "botanical": "Nyssa aquatica",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 880,
            "janka_kn": 3.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "32 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.5,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "walnut",
            "name": "Black walnut",
            "botanical": "Juglans nigra",
            "other_names": "American black walnut, walnut",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1010,
            "janka_kn": 4.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "22 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.55,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "About 22 percent softer than red oak and chosen for its deep brown color. It takes a dent sooner than oak.",
            "carried_colors": 15,
            "carried_styles": 5,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/walnut"
        },
        {
            "slug": "yellow-poplar",
            "name": "Yellow-poplar",
            "botanical": "Liriodendron tulipifera",
            "other_names": "Tulip poplar",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 540,
            "janka_kn": 2.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "58 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.42,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "baldcypress",
            "name": "Baldcypress",
            "botanical": "Taxodium distichum",
            "other_names": "Cypress",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 510,
            "janka_kn": 2.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "60 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.46,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "atlantic-white-cedar",
            "name": "Atlantic white-cedar",
            "botanical": "Chamaecyparis thyoides",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 350,
            "janka_kn": 1.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "73 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.32,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "incense-cedar",
            "name": "Incense-cedar",
            "botanical": "Calocedrus decurrens",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 470,
            "janka_kn": 2.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "64 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.37,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "northern-white-cedar",
            "name": "Northern white-cedar",
            "botanical": "Thuja occidentalis",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 320,
            "janka_kn": 1.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "75 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.31,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "port-orford-cedar",
            "name": "Port-Orford-cedar",
            "botanical": "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 630,
            "janka_kn": 2.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "51 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.43,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "western-redcedar",
            "name": "Western redcedar",
            "botanical": "Thuja plicata",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 350,
            "janka_kn": 1.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "73 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.32,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "yellow-cedar",
            "name": "Yellow-cedar",
            "botanical": "Chamaecyparis nootkatensis",
            "other_names": "Alaska yellow cedar",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 580,
            "janka_kn": 2.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "55 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.44,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "douglas-fir",
            "name": "Douglas fir",
            "botanical": "Pseudotsuga menziesii",
            "other_names": "Coast Douglas-fir",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 710,
            "janka_kn": 3.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "45 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.48,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "other_published_lbf": 660,
            "other_source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "A softwood, a little over half as hard as red oak. Old houses often have it, and it wears into a soft, dented, lived-in look.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/douglas-fir"
        },
        {
            "slug": "douglas-fir-interior-west",
            "name": "Douglas-fir, interior west",
            "botanical": "Pseudotsuga menziesii",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 660,
            "janka_kn": 2.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "49 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.5,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "douglas-fir-interior-north",
            "name": "Douglas-fir, interior north",
            "botanical": "Pseudotsuga menziesii",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 600,
            "janka_kn": 2.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "53 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.48,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "douglas-fir-interior-south",
            "name": "Douglas-fir, interior south",
            "botanical": "Pseudotsuga menziesii",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 510,
            "janka_kn": 2.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "60 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.46,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "balsam-fir",
            "name": "Balsam fir",
            "botanical": "Abies balsamea",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 380,
            "janka_kn": 1.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "71 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.35,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "california-red-fir",
            "name": "California red fir",
            "botanical": "Abies magnifica",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 500,
            "janka_kn": 2.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "61 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.38,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "grand-fir",
            "name": "Grand fir",
            "botanical": "Abies grandis",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 490,
            "janka_kn": 2.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "62 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.37,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "noble-fir",
            "name": "Noble fir",
            "botanical": "Abies procera",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 410,
            "janka_kn": 1.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "68 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.39,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "pacific-silver-fir",
            "name": "Pacific silver fir",
            "botanical": "Abies amabilis",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 430,
            "janka_kn": 1.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "67 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.43,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "subalpine-fir",
            "name": "Subalpine fir",
            "botanical": "Abies lasiocarpa",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 350,
            "janka_kn": 1.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "73 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.32,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "white-fir",
            "name": "White fir",
            "botanical": "Abies concolor",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 480,
            "janka_kn": 2.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "63 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.39,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "eastern-hemlock",
            "name": "Eastern hemlock",
            "botanical": "Tsuga canadensis",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 500,
            "janka_kn": 2.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "61 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.4,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "mountain-hemlock",
            "name": "Mountain hemlock",
            "botanical": "Tsuga mertensiana",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 680,
            "janka_kn": 3,
            "vs_red_oak": "47 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.45,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "western-hemlock",
            "name": "Western hemlock",
            "botanical": "Tsuga heterophylla",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 540,
            "janka_kn": 2.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "58 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.45,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "western-larch",
            "name": "Western larch",
            "botanical": "Larix occidentalis",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 830,
            "janka_kn": 3.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "36 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.52,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "eastern-white-pine",
            "name": "Eastern white pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus strobus",
            "other_names": "White pine",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 380,
            "janka_kn": 1.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "71 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.35,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "pine",
            "note": "Among the softest woods made into floors, about 70 percent softer than red oak. The wide pine boards in many old Northeastern houses are white pine.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/eastern-white-pine"
        },
        {
            "slug": "jack-pine",
            "name": "Jack pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus banksiana",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 570,
            "janka_kn": 2.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "56 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.43,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "loblolly-pine",
            "name": "Loblolly pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus taeda",
            "other_names": "Southern yellow pine",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 690,
            "janka_kn": 3.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "47 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.51,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "southern-yellow-pine"
        },
        {
            "slug": "lodgepole-pine",
            "name": "Lodgepole pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus contorta",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 480,
            "janka_kn": 2.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "63 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.41,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "longleaf-pine",
            "name": "Longleaf pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus palustris",
            "other_names": "Southern yellow pine",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 870,
            "janka_kn": 3.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "33 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.59,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "pine",
            "note": "The hardest of the southern yellow pines. Old growth longleaf heartwood is what most reclaimed heart pine floors are made from.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/longleaf-pine"
        },
        {
            "slug": "ponderosa-pine",
            "name": "Ponderosa pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus ponderosa",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 460,
            "janka_kn": 2,
            "vs_red_oak": "64 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.4,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "red-pine",
            "name": "Red pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus resinosa",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 560,
            "janka_kn": 2.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "57 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.46,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "shortleaf-pine",
            "name": "Shortleaf pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus echinata",
            "other_names": "Southern yellow pine",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 690,
            "janka_kn": 3.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "47 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.51,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "southern-yellow-pine"
        },
        {
            "slug": "spruce-pine",
            "name": "Spruce pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus glabra",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 660,
            "janka_kn": 2.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "49 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.44,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "sugar-pine",
            "name": "Sugar pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus lambertiana",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 380,
            "janka_kn": 1.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "71 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.36,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "virginia-pine",
            "name": "Virginia pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus virginiana",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 740,
            "janka_kn": 3.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "43 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.48,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "western-white-pine",
            "name": "Western white pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus monticola",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 420,
            "janka_kn": 1.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "67 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.38,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "redwood-old-growth",
            "name": "Redwood, old growth",
            "botanical": "Sequoia sempervirens",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 480,
            "janka_kn": 2.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "63 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.4,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "redwood-young-growth",
            "name": "Redwood, young growth",
            "botanical": "Sequoia sempervirens",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 420,
            "janka_kn": 1.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "67 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.35,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "black-spruce",
            "name": "Black spruce",
            "botanical": "Picea mariana",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 530,
            "janka_kn": 2.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "59 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.42,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "engelmann-spruce",
            "name": "Engelmann spruce",
            "botanical": "Picea engelmannii",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 390,
            "janka_kn": 1.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "70 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.35,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "red-spruce",
            "name": "Red spruce",
            "botanical": "Picea rubens",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 530,
            "janka_kn": 2.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "59 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.4,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "sitka-spruce",
            "name": "Sitka spruce",
            "botanical": "Picea sitchensis",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 510,
            "janka_kn": 2.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "60 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.4,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "white-spruce",
            "name": "White spruce",
            "botanical": "Picea glauca",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 410,
            "janka_kn": 1.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "68 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.36,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "tamarack",
            "name": "Tamarack",
            "botanical": "Larix laricina",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 590,
            "janka_kn": 2.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "54 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.53,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "afrormosia",
            "name": "Afrormosia",
            "botanical": "Pericopsis elata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1560,
            "janka_kn": 6.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "21 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "albarco",
            "name": "Albarco",
            "botanical": "Cariniana spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1020,
            "janka_kn": 4.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "21 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "andiroba",
            "name": "Andiroba",
            "botanical": "Carapa guianensis",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1130,
            "janka_kn": 5,
            "vs_red_oak": "12 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "angelin",
            "name": "Angelin",
            "botanical": "Andira inermis",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1750,
            "janka_kn": 7.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "36 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "angelique",
            "name": "Angelique",
            "botanical": "Dicorynia guianensis",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1290,
            "janka_kn": 5.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "about as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "avodire",
            "name": "Avodire",
            "botanical": "Turraeanthus africanus",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1080,
            "janka_kn": 4.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "16 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "azobe",
            "name": "Azobe",
            "botanical": "Lophira alata",
            "other_names": "Ekki",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 3350,
            "janka_kn": 14.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.6 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "banak",
            "name": "Banak",
            "botanical": "Virola spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 510,
            "janka_kn": 2.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "60 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "benge",
            "name": "Benge",
            "botanical": "Guibourtia arnoldiana",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1750,
            "janka_kn": 7.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "36 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "bubinga",
            "name": "Bubinga",
            "botanical": "Guibourtia spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 2690,
            "janka_kn": 12,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.1 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "A dense African hardwood, more than twice as hard as red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/bubinga"
        },
        {
            "slug": "bulletwood",
            "name": "Bulletwood",
            "botanical": "Manilkara bidentata",
            "other_names": "Massaranduba",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 3190,
            "janka_kn": 14.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.5 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "cativo",
            "name": "Cativo",
            "botanical": "Prioria copaifera",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 630,
            "janka_kn": 2.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "51 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "ceiba",
            "name": "Ceiba",
            "botanical": "Ceiba pentandra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 240,
            "janka_kn": 1.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "81 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "brazilian-cherry",
            "name": "Brazilian cherry",
            "botanical": "Hymenaea courbaril",
            "other_names": "Jatoba, courbaril",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2350,
            "janka_kn": 10.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "82 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "other_published_lbf": 2820,
            "other_source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "About 82 percent harder than red oak by the Wood Handbook figure. It darkens from salmon to a deep red brown in the light.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/brazilian-cherry"
        },
        {
            "slug": "cuangare",
            "name": "Cuangare",
            "botanical": "Dialyanthera spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 380,
            "janka_kn": 1.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "71 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "mexican-cypress",
            "name": "Mexican cypress",
            "botanical": "Cupressus lusitanica",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 460,
            "janka_kn": 2,
            "vs_red_oak": "64 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "degame",
            "name": "Degame",
            "botanical": "Calycophyllum candidissimum",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1940,
            "janka_kn": 8.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "50 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "determa",
            "name": "Determa",
            "botanical": "Ocotea rubra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 660,
            "janka_kn": 2.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "49 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "tigerwood",
            "name": "Tigerwood",
            "botanical": "Astronium graveolens",
            "other_names": "Goncalo alves",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2160,
            "janka_kn": 9.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "67 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Named for its dark stripes, about two thirds harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/tigerwood"
        },
        {
            "slug": "greenheart",
            "name": "Greenheart",
            "botanical": "Chlorocardium rodiei",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2350,
            "janka_kn": 10.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "82 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "hura",
            "name": "Hura",
            "botanical": "Hura crepitans",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 550,
            "janka_kn": 2.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "57 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "ilomba",
            "name": "Ilomba",
            "botanical": "Pycnanthus angolensis",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 610,
            "janka_kn": 2.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "53 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "ipe",
            "name": "Ipe",
            "botanical": "Tabebuia spp., lapacho group",
            "other_names": "Brazilian walnut, lapacho",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 3680,
            "janka_kn": 16.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.9 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Among the hardest woods made into floors, nearly three times as hard as red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/ipe"
        },
        {
            "slug": "iroko",
            "name": "Iroko",
            "botanical": "Chlorophora spp.",
            "other_names": "Kambala",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1260,
            "janka_kn": 5.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "2 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "An African hardwood about as hard as birch, that darkens to a rich brown.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/iroko"
        },
        {
            "slug": "jarrah",
            "name": "Jarrah",
            "botanical": "Eucalyptus marginata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1910,
            "janka_kn": 8.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "48 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "eucalyptus",
            "note": "An Australian eucalyptus, a deep red brown, about 48 percent harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/jarrah"
        },
        {
            "slug": "jelutong",
            "name": "Jelutong",
            "botanical": "Dyera costulata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 390,
            "janka_kn": 1.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "70 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 15,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "kaneelhart",
            "name": "Kaneelhart",
            "botanical": "Licaria spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2900,
            "janka_kn": 12.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.2 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "kapur",
            "name": "Kapur",
            "botanical": "Dryobalanops spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1230,
            "janka_kn": 5.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "5 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "karri",
            "name": "Karri",
            "botanical": "Eucalyptus diversicolor",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 2040,
            "janka_kn": 9.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "58 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "eucalyptus"
        },
        {
            "slug": "kempas",
            "name": "Kempas",
            "botanical": "Koompassia malaccensis",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1710,
            "janka_kn": 7.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "33 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "A Southeast Asian hardwood, about a third harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/kempas"
        },
        {
            "slug": "keruing",
            "name": "Keruing",
            "botanical": "Dipterocarpus spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1270,
            "janka_kn": 5.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "2 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "lignumvitae",
            "name": "Lignumvitae",
            "botanical": "Guaiacum spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 4500,
            "janka_kn": 20,
            "vs_red_oak": "3.5 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "limba",
            "name": "Limba",
            "botanical": "Terminalia superba",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 490,
            "janka_kn": 2.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "62 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "macawood",
            "name": "Macawood",
            "botanical": "Platymiscium spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 3150,
            "janka_kn": 14,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.4 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "african-mahogany",
            "name": "African mahogany",
            "botanical": "Khaya spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 830,
            "janka_kn": 3.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "36 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "mahogany",
            "name": "Mahogany",
            "botanical": "Swietenia macrophylla",
            "other_names": "True mahogany, Honduras mahogany",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 800,
            "janka_kn": 3.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "38 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "manbarklak",
            "name": "Manbarklak",
            "botanical": "Eschweilera spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 3480,
            "janka_kn": 15.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.7 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "manni",
            "name": "Manni",
            "botanical": "Symphonia globulifera",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1120,
            "janka_kn": 5,
            "vs_red_oak": "13 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "marishballi",
            "name": "Marishballi",
            "botanical": "Licania spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 3570,
            "janka_kn": 15.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.8 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "merbau",
            "name": "Merbau",
            "botanical": "Intsia spp.",
            "other_names": "Ipil, kwila",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1500,
            "janka_kn": 6.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "16 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 15,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "other_published_lbf": 1925,
            "other_source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "The Wood Handbook figure was measured on wetter wood, at 15 percent moisture, which reads softer than the 1,925 the NWFA lists.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/merbau"
        },
        {
            "slug": "mersawa",
            "name": "Mersawa",
            "botanical": "Anisoptera spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1290,
            "janka_kn": 5.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "about as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "mora",
            "name": "Mora",
            "botanical": "Mora spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2300,
            "janka_kn": 10.2,
            "vs_red_oak": "78 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "tropical-oak",
            "name": "Oak, tropical American",
            "botanical": "Quercus spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2500,
            "janka_kn": 11.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "94 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "obeche",
            "name": "Obeche",
            "botanical": "Triplochiton scleroxylon",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 430,
            "janka_kn": 1.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "67 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "okoume",
            "name": "Okoume",
            "botanical": "Aucoumea klaineana",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 380,
            "janka_kn": 1.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "71 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "opepe",
            "name": "Opepe",
            "botanical": "Nauclea diderrichii",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1630,
            "janka_kn": 7.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "26 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "para-angelim",
            "name": "Para-angelim",
            "botanical": "Hymenolobium excelsum",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1720,
            "janka_kn": 7.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "33 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "parana-pine",
            "name": "Parana-pine",
            "botanical": "Araucaria angustifolia",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 780,
            "janka_kn": 3.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "40 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "peroba-de-campos",
            "name": "Peroba de campos",
            "botanical": "Paratecoma peroba",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1600,
            "janka_kn": 7.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "24 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "peroba-rosa",
            "name": "Peroba rosa",
            "botanical": "Aspidosperma spp., peroba group",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1730,
            "janka_kn": 7.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "34 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "pilon",
            "name": "Pilon",
            "botanical": "Hyeronima spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1700,
            "janka_kn": 7.6,
            "vs_red_oak": "32 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "caribbean-pine",
            "name": "Caribbean pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus caribaea",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1240,
            "janka_kn": 5.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "4 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "ocote-pine",
            "name": "Ocote pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus oocarpa",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 910,
            "janka_kn": 4,
            "vs_red_oak": "29 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "radiata-pine",
            "name": "Radiata pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus radiata",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 750,
            "janka_kn": 3.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "42 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "piquia",
            "name": "Piquia",
            "botanical": "Caryocar spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1720,
            "janka_kn": 7.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "33 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "primavera",
            "name": "Primavera",
            "botanical": "Tabebuia donnell-smithii",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 660,
            "janka_kn": 2.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "49 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "purpleheart",
            "name": "Purpleheart",
            "botanical": "Peltogyne spp.",
            "other_names": "Amaranth",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1860,
            "janka_kn": 8.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "44 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "other_published_lbf": 2890,
            "other_source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Turns from brown to deep purple in the light. Purpleheart is a group of related trees, which is why published figures differ so widely.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/purpleheart"
        },
        {
            "slug": "ramin",
            "name": "Ramin",
            "botanical": "Gonystylus bancanus",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1300,
            "janka_kn": 5.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "about as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "roble",
            "name": "Roble",
            "botanical": "Tabebuia spp., roble group",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 960,
            "janka_kn": 4.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "26 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "brazilian-rosewood",
            "name": "Brazilian rosewood",
            "botanical": "Dalbergia nigra",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2720,
            "janka_kn": 12.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.1 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "indian-rosewood",
            "name": "Indian rosewood",
            "botanical": "Dalbergia latifolia",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 3170,
            "janka_kn": 14.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.5 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "sande",
            "name": "Sande",
            "botanical": "Brosimum spp., utile group",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 900,
            "janka_kn": 4,
            "vs_red_oak": "30 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "santa-maria",
            "name": "Santa Maria",
            "botanical": "Calophyllum brasiliense",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1150,
            "janka_kn": 5.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "11 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "sapele",
            "name": "Sapele",
            "botanical": "Entandrophragma cylindricum",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1510,
            "janka_kn": 6.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "17 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "An African cousin of mahogany with a ribbon stripe when quartersawn, about 17 percent harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/sapele"
        },
        {
            "slug": "sepetir",
            "name": "Sepetir",
            "botanical": "Pseudosindora palustris",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1410,
            "janka_kn": 6.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "9 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "shorea-bullau",
            "name": "Shorea, bullau group",
            "botanical": "Shorea spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1780,
            "janka_kn": 7.9,
            "vs_red_oak": "38 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "dark-red-meranti",
            "name": "Dark red meranti",
            "botanical": "Shorea spp.",
            "other_names": "Philippine mahogany, lauan",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 780,
            "janka_kn": 3.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "40 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "light-red-meranti",
            "name": "Light red meranti",
            "botanical": "Shorea spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 460,
            "janka_kn": 2,
            "vs_red_oak": "64 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "white-meranti",
            "name": "White meranti",
            "botanical": "Shorea spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1140,
            "janka_kn": 5.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "12 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 15,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "yellow-meranti",
            "name": "Yellow meranti",
            "botanical": "Shorea spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 770,
            "janka_kn": 3.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "40 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "spanish-cedar",
            "name": "Spanish-cedar",
            "botanical": "Cedrela spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 600,
            "janka_kn": 2.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "53 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "sucupira",
            "name": "Sucupira",
            "botanical": "Diplotropis purpurea",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2140,
            "janka_kn": 9.5,
            "vs_red_oak": "66 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "teak",
            "name": "Teak",
            "botanical": "Tectona grandis",
            "other_names": "Burmese teak, plantation teak",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Asia and Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1000,
            "janka_kn": 4.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "22 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "other_published_lbf": 1078,
            "other_source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "True teak, about 22 percent softer than red oak. It is valued for its natural oils and steadiness, not its hardness.",
            "carried_colors": 4,
            "carried_styles": 2,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/teak"
        },
        {
            "slug": "wallaba",
            "name": "Wallaba",
            "botanical": "Eperua spp.",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2040,
            "janka_kn": 9.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "58 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-5b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-5b",
            "flooring": false,
            "is_group": false
        },
        {
            "slug": "cumaru",
            "name": "Cumaru",
            "botanical": "Dipteryx odorata",
            "other_names": "Brazilian teak, tonka",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 3540,
            "janka_kn": 15.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "2.7 times as hard as red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Nearly as hard as ipe, and no relation to true teak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/cumaru"
        },
        {
            "slug": "santos-mahogany",
            "name": "Santos mahogany",
            "botanical": "Myroxylon balsamum",
            "other_names": "Cabreuva",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 2200,
            "janka_kn": 9.8,
            "vs_red_oak": "71 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Not a true mahogany, and far harder, about 70 percent harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/santos-mahogany"
        },
        {
            "slug": "wenge",
            "name": "Wenge",
            "botanical": "Millettia spp.",
            "other_names": "Panga-panga",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1630,
            "janka_kn": 7.3,
            "vs_red_oak": "26 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Nearly black, with a coarse grain, about a quarter harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/wenge"
        },
        {
            "slug": "padauk",
            "name": "Padauk",
            "botanical": "Pterocarpus soyauxii",
            "other_names": "African padauk",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Africa",
            "janka_lbf": 1725,
            "janka_kn": 7.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "34 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Vivid orange red when new, mellowing to a deep red brown.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/padauk"
        },
        {
            "slug": "australian-cypress",
            "name": "Australian cypress",
            "botanical": "Callitris glauca",
            "other_names": "White cypress",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1375,
            "janka_kn": 6.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "7 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "A softwood by family, yet harder than red oak, with cream sapwood, honey heartwood and dark knots.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/australian-cypress"
        },
        {
            "slug": "spotted-gum",
            "name": "Spotted gum",
            "botanical": "Corymbia maculata",
            "other_names": "Formerly Eucalyptus maculata",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 2473,
            "janka_kn": 11,
            "vs_red_oak": "92 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "eucalyptus",
            "note": "An Australian hardwood nearly twice as hard as red oak, once named a eucalyptus.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/spotted-gum"
        },
        {
            "slug": "sydney-blue-gum",
            "name": "Sydney blue gum",
            "botanical": "Eucalyptus saligna",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 2023,
            "janka_kn": 9,
            "vs_red_oak": "57 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "eucalyptus",
            "note": "An Australian eucalyptus, pink to red, about 57 percent harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/sydney-blue-gum"
        },
        {
            "slug": "tasmanian-oak",
            "name": "Tasmanian oak",
            "botanical": "Eucalyptus regnans, E. obliqua, E. delegatensis",
            "other_names": "Victorian ash",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Australia",
            "janka_lbf": 1350,
            "janka_kn": 6,
            "vs_red_oak": "5 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "eucalyptus",
            "note": "Not an oak at all. Three Australian eucalyptus trees sold under one name, about as hard as white oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/tasmanian-oak"
        },
        {
            "slug": "brazilian-maple",
            "name": "Brazilian maple",
            "botanical": "Balfourodendron riedelianum",
            "other_names": "Pau marfim, guatambu",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Tropical America",
            "janka_lbf": 1500,
            "janka_kn": 6.7,
            "vs_red_oak": "16 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "Not a maple, but pale and plain like one, a little harder than hard maple.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/brazilian-maple"
        },
        {
            "slug": "mesquite",
            "name": "Mesquite",
            "botanical": "Prosopis glandulosa",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 2345,
            "janka_kn": 10.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "82 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "note": "A Texas hardwood, most often made into end grain blocks, about 82 percent harder than red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/mesquite"
        },
        {
            "slug": "heart-pine",
            "name": "Antique heart pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus spp.",
            "other_names": "Reclaimed heart pine",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1225,
            "janka_kn": 5.4,
            "vs_red_oak": "5 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": false,
            "member_of": "pine",
            "note": "Reclaimed from old mills and warehouses, the dense heartwood of old growth pine is far harder than new pine, nearly as hard as red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/heart-pine"
        },
        {
            "slug": "hickory",
            "name": "Hickory",
            "botanical": "Carya spp.",
            "other_names": "Hickory and pecan, as the mills sell them",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 1820,
            "range_lbf": [
                1810,
                2140
            ],
            "janka_kn": 8.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "41 percent harder than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "source": "nwfa-a200-2004",
            "source_ref": "Page 7 chart, hickory and pecan",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": true,
            "note": "The hardest of the common American floor woods, about 41 percent harder than red oak, and the most varied in color, with cream and brown boards in the same room. Mills mix the true hickories and pecan, so the trade quotes one figure.",
            "carried_colors": 250,
            "carried_styles": 50,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/hickory"
        },
        {
            "slug": "southern-yellow-pine",
            "name": "Southern yellow pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus taeda, Pinus echinata",
            "other_names": "Loblolly and shortleaf pine",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "janka_lbf": 690,
            "range_lbf": [
                690,
                690
            ],
            "janka_kn": 3.1,
            "vs_red_oak": "47 percent softer than red oak",
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "specific_gravity": 0.51,
            "source": "fpl-2021-t5-3b",
            "source_ref": "Table 5-3b, loblolly and shortleaf",
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": true,
            "member_of": "pine",
            "note": "The common southern yellow pines, a little over half as hard as red oak.",
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/southern-yellow-pine"
        },
        {
            "slug": "pine",
            "name": "Pine",
            "botanical": "Pinus spp.",
            "group": "softwood",
            "origin": "North America",
            "range_lbf": [
                380,
                1225
            ],
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": true,
            "note": "Pine floors run from very soft to nearly as hard as red oak, depending on which pine and how old the tree was.",
            "carried_colors": 4,
            "carried_styles": 1,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/pine"
        },
        {
            "slug": "eucalyptus",
            "name": "Eucalyptus",
            "botanical": "Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp.",
            "other_names": "Gum",
            "group": "hardwood",
            "origin": "Australia",
            "range_lbf": [
                1350,
                2473
            ],
            "moisture_pct": 12,
            "flooring": true,
            "is_group": true,
            "note": "Eucalyptus is a family of hundreds of trees. The ones measured for floors run from about as hard as white oak to nearly twice as hard as red oak.",
            "carried_colors": 4,
            "carried_styles": 1,
            "url": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/eucalyptus"
        }
    ],
    "pictures": [
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "pillar",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-pillar-0fd21f8ef8.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "How hard is your wood floor? The Janka hardness test explained",
            "alt": "An infographic: a steel ball pressed half its width into a board, and the Janka hardness of the wood floors we carry, hickory hardest, red oak the benchmark at 1,290 pounds.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "red-oak",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-red-oak-64305a2b35.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Red oak floor hardness: 1,290 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Red oak scores 1,290 lbf on the Janka hardness test, the benchmark, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/red-oak"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "white-oak",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-white-oak-4f02c9361a.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "White oak floor hardness: 1,360 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "White oak scores 1,360 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 5 percent harder than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/white-oak"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "hard-maple",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-hard-maple-709bf3a677.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Hard maple floor hardness: 1,450 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Hard maple scores 1,450 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 12 percent harder than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/hard-maple"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "hickory",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-hickory-c065f2c7f5.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Hickory floor hardness: 1,810 to 2,140 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Hickory scores 1,810 to 2,140 lbf on the Janka hardness test, depending on the tree, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/hickory"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "birch",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-birch-1bf4228a9f.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Birch floor hardness: 1,260 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Birch scores 1,260 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 2 percent softer than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/birch"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "silver-maple",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-silver-maple-3d2c6c707b.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Silver maple floor hardness: 700 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Silver maple scores 700 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 46 percent softer than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/silver-maple"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "walnut",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-walnut-c4ae1f161d.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Walnut floor hardness: 1,010 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Walnut scores 1,010 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 22 percent softer than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/walnut"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "pecan",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-pecan-bdbb4b2a8c.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Pecan floor hardness: 1,820 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Pecan scores 1,820 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 41 percent harder than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/pecan"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "eucalyptus",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-eucalyptus-8cd46dd29c.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Eucalyptus floor hardness: 1,350 to 2,473 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Eucalyptus scores 1,350 to 2,473 lbf on the Janka hardness test, depending on the tree, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/eucalyptus"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "pine",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-pine-cef87543ff.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Pine floor hardness: 380 to 1,225 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Pine scores 380 to 1,225 lbf on the Janka hardness test, depending on the tree, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/pine"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "ash",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-ash-8cce5cb669.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Ash floor hardness: 1,320 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Ash scores 1,320 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 2 percent harder than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/ash"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "teak",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-teak-99b694fd26.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Teak floor hardness: 1,000 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Teak scores 1,000 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 22 percent softer than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/teak"
        },
        {
            "kind": "pin",
            "for": "cherry",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/pin-cherry-8f0e5cc1c3.png",
            "width": 1000,
            "height": 1500,
            "title": "Cherry floor hardness: 950 lbf on the Janka scale",
            "alt": "Cherry scores 950 lbf on the Janka hardness test, 26 percent softer than red oak, shown on a scale of wood floors from 0 to 4,000.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness/cherry"
        },
        {
            "kind": "share",
            "for": "pillar",
            "url": "https://cutpile-powell.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/powell/resources/janka/share-pillar-94de84d72e.png",
            "width": 1200,
            "height": 630,
            "title": "How hard is your wood floor? The Janka hardness test explained",
            "alt": "An infographic: a steel ball pressed half its width into a board, and the Janka hardness of the wood floors we carry, hickory hardest, red oak the benchmark at 1,290 pounds.",
            "page": "https://www.powellflooring.com/resources/janka-hardness"
        }
    ]
}